This compound is supplied for in-vitro and preclinical research only. It is not a medicinal product. It is not approved for human or veterinary use in any jurisdiction. No therapeutic, medicinal, cosmetic, or performance-enhancement claims are made or implied. By proceeding to inquire, you confirm you are an adult researcher acquiring this compound within your own research framework. Full terms on the Research Use Only page.
PT-141
10 mg freeze-dried vial, melanocortin receptor agonist
Compound specifications, chemistry, and storage.
Technical specifications
Specimen format| Compound name | PT-141 (Bremelanotide) |
| Also known as | Bremelanotide, melanocortin agonist |
| CAS number | 189691-06-3 |
| PubChem CID | 9941379 → |
| InChI Key | YEEZWCHGZNKEEK-ZFWWWQNUSA-N |
| SMILES | Reference SMILES on COA |
| Empirical formula (Hill notation) | C50H68N14O10 |
| Molecular weight | 1024.18 g/mol (monoisotopic mass: 1024.52) |
| Salt form | Acetate (default) |
| Counter-ion content | Quantified per batch on COA. Custom salt forms (chloride, ammonium, TFA) available on quote. |
| Sequence (1-letter) | Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH |
| Sequence (3-letter) | Acetyl-Norleucyl-cyclo[L-aspartyl-L-histidyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-lysyl] |
| Length | 7 amino acid residues (cyclic) |
| Weight basis | Gross weight per industry standard. Net peptide content quantified on batch COA. |
| Quantity per vial | 10 mg |
| Format | Freeze-dried white powder or thin film, sealed under inert atmosphere. Why does the vial look empty? |
| Appearance | White freeze-dried cake or powder. May also appear as a thin film on the vial wall. |
| Solubility | Water soluble, reconstituted with bacteriostatic water (1 to 2 ml typical) |
| Solution colour | Clear and colourless when correctly reconstituted |
| Purity (HPLC) | Specification ≥98.5%, tested before listing |
| Identity confirmation | LC-MS, batch-specific spectrum on COA |
| Endotoxin (LAL) | Within Ph. Eur. specification, batch report on COA |
| Storage (freeze-dried) | 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, sealed, protected from light. Avoid thermal cycling. |
| Storage (reconstituted) | 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. Use within 4 to 6 weeks. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw. |
| Shelf life | 24 months from synthesis date when storage conditions are maintained |
| Country of synthesis | EU partner facility, Ph. Eur. methodology references |
| Application | In-vitro and preclinical research only. Not for human or veterinary use. |
A cyclic melanocortin agonist, and what the published research says about it.
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic seven-amino-acid peptide that acts as an agonist at melanocortin receptors, primarily MC4R, with affinity at MC1R, MC3R, and MC5R. Derived from the broader melanocortin research lineage, it has been investigated in published preclinical and clinical research for its action on central-nervous-system pathways relating to sexual response. The sections below summarise what the published research investigates, what Cresten supplies, and what the certificate of analysis confirms.
Where PT-141 comes from.
PT-141, also called bremelanotide, is a synthetic cyclic seven-amino-acid peptide developed by Palatin Technologies in the early 2000s. The peptide is structurally derived from the melanocortin family, with the cyclic backbone designed to produce stability against plasma proteases. The original development program began as research into Melanotan II, an earlier melanocortin agonist, with PT-141 emerging as a separate compound with a different receptor selectivity profile.
The peptide is built by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis with a cyclisation step that forms the lactam bond between two of the residues. After cyclisation it is purified by reversed-phase HPLC, freeze-dried, and sealed in vials under inert atmosphere. The cyclic structure is what gives the peptide its plasma stability; the linear precursor is rapidly degraded by proteases.
PubMed lists roughly 120 papers mentioning PT-141 or bremelanotide as of 2026, with the literature concentrated in melanocortin-receptor pharmacology, animal models of sexual function, and human trials in female sexual dysfunction. The compound has been the subject of phase-three clinical development under the bremelanotide name and was approved in 2019 by the FDA under the trade name Vyleesi for a specific clinical indication; the research-supply form is supplied for laboratory research, separate from the approved pharmaceutical product.
What the research looks at.
PT-141 mechanism research starts from the melanocortin receptor family. The peptide is described in the literature as an agonist with measurable activity at melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 (MC3R and MC4R), with weaker activity at MC1R and MC5R. The MC4R activity is the most cited because that receptor is expressed in central nervous system tissue including the hypothalamus and is implicated in the autonomic and behavioural pathways that the published clinical research examines.
A second strand looks at central nervous system pharmacology in animal models. Studies have measured behavioural endpoints in rodent models, neurotransmitter release in defined hypothalamic regions, and dose-response curves against the related melanocortin agonist α-MSH. The research describes the peptide as acting centrally rather than peripherally, with the cyclic structure giving it sufficient plasma stability to reach central targets.
"The cyclic structure produces the plasma stability that distinguishes PT-141 from earlier linear melanocortin agonists, and the MC4R activity is the most cited element of the receptor profile."
The clinical-research context for PT-141 is more advanced than for most peptides in the research-supply category, given the FDA approval of bremelanotide in 2019. The research-supply form is identical in sequence to the approved product but is supplied for laboratory research, not for clinical use, and operates under the research-use-only framework. The published clinical literature on bremelanotide is therefore part of the cited research base for the same molecule.
Where the research-supply context does not go: laboratory research does not extend to administration to humans, off-label clinical use, or any therapeutic application. PT-141 is supplied as a research compound for laboratory and preclinical research only, despite the existence of a separately approved pharmaceutical product with the same sequence.
What the certificate confirms.
Every Cresten batch of PT-141 ships with a certificate from an analytical lab, against the test panel described on the Methodology page. The certificate that ships with your batch confirms:
The certificate format is shown on the batch verification page.
Where the published research on PT-141 lives.
PubMed indexes 80+ publications mentioning PT-141 as of 2026. Cresten does not curate a hand-selected reading list. Compound-specific selections influence which papers researchers find first; the unfiltered query, sortable by date, citation count, study type, and species, is queryable directly on PubMed.
Each result on PubMed links to the original journal record and, where available, full-text or open-access copies. Cresten supplies the compound; the literature is for the researcher to evaluate.
Open the full PubMed query →Opens at pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov in a new tab. The query string is preserved so you can refine, filter, or export from there.
What this monograph is not
This monograph summarises what the published research looks at regarding PT-141 mechanism. It is not a therapeutic recommendation. It is not dosing guidance. It is not a clinical protocol. It is not medical advice.
Cresten Labs supplies PT-141 as a research compound for lab-based research only. The decision to investigate any compound in any research framework is the researcher’s decision, within their own ethical, legal, and methodological boundaries.
Cresten makes no claim about human therapeutic use, no claim about clinical effectiveness, no claim about safety in human use, and no claim that this compound has been reviewed by any regulator for any medical use.
Frequently asked questions about PT-141
Common research-protocol and supply questions about PT-141, with answers grounded in published peer-reviewed research and Cresten Labs supply practice. All information is for in vitro and preclinical research only.
What is PT-141?
PT-141 is bremelanotide, a 7-amino-acid peptide (CAS 189691-06-3, molecular weight 1025.18 g/mol). Cresten Labs supplies PT-141 as a freeze-dried vial for in vitro and preclinical research only, with each batch verified at Janoshik Analytical.
What does research suggest PT-141 does?
Published research investigates PT-141 for synthetic melanocortin receptor agonism in central nervous system pathway research. The compound is studied primarily in melanocortin receptor research and neurovascular response studies. PT-141 is supplied for research use only and is not approved by any regulator for medical use.
What is the typical PT-141 dosage in published research?
Published PT-141 dosage in research protocols ranges from 0.75 to 2 mg per administration, administered subcutaneously, with on-demand dosing in central nervous system pathway research. Cresten Labs publishes the typical PT-141 protocol ranges as research-protocol references only; this is not dosing guidance for human use.
How do I reconstitute PT-141 for research?
Standard PT-141 reconstitution adds 2 mL plain bacteriostatic water for the 10 mg vial. Cresten ships lyophilized PT-141 vials for reconstitution by the researcher per their protocol.
What is the PT-141 half-life and how is PT-141 storage handled?
Published research reports PT-141 systemic half-life at approximately 2 hours. PT-141 storage: lyophilized vial stable at room temperature for shipping; reconstituted solution stored at 2 to 8 °C and used within 28 days. The Cresten certificate of analysis lists the synthesis date, batch identifier, and the storage conditions verified for this specific batch.
What does the research literature report about PT-141 side effects?
Published PT-141 research reports the following: transient flushing and nausea reported in some research; effects are dose-dependent. Cresten Labs supplies the compound for research use only; clinical-use side-effect data should be drawn from peer-reviewed clinical trial publications, not from research-vendor pages.
What is the typical PT-141 protocol duration in research?
Published PT-141 protocol research typically runs on-demand dosing in central nervous system pathway research. The PT-141 protocol duration depends on the research question being studied. The Cresten reconstitution calculator includes a schedule planner that flags the 28-day refrigerated shelf-life of the reconstituted solution.
Where to buy PT-141 in Europe?
Cresten Labs supplies PT-141 across the EU single market to 16 European countries. Each PT-141 batch is tested at Janoshik Analytical with the certificate of analysis published on the website before it lists. PT-141 is sold for in vitro and preclinical research only, not for human or veterinary use.
How is PT-141 verified at Cresten Labs?
Every PT-141 batch is tested at Janoshik Analytical in Czech Republic, an third-party peptide-analysis laboratory. Each batch certificate documents HPLC purity, mass-spectrometry identity confirmation, and contamination panels. The certificate publishes with the batch, before it lists.
Is PT-141 legal to import for research in the EU?
Research-use peptides supplied with proper documentation are legally importable into EU member states for in vitro and preclinical research. Cresten ships PT-141 from inside the EU single market, so no customs declaration is required for shipments within EU member states. Local research-use regulations apply.